At what temperature do pipes freeze?

How long does it take for pipes to freeze?

According to many plumbing professionals, it typically takes 6 to 8 hours for pipes to freeze if they are left unprotected in an unheated area. That's why it's extremely important to take steps to protect your water pipes from the cold weather this winter.

What else can impact how fast pipes will freeze?

Here are a few factors (apart from temperature) that impact how long it takes for pipes to freeze.

• Insulation matters. The level and quality of insulation surrounding your pipes play a significant role in how long it will take your pipes to freeze. Poorly insulated areas and exposed pipes have a higher risk of freezing.
• Wind chill effect. Cold wind can accelerate the freezing process by increasing heat loss in your water pipes. This risk is even greater if your pipes are not protected or insulated.
• Duration of exposure. Pipes that are consistently exposed to colder temperatures for an extended period are more likely to freeze. 

How to prevent pipes from freezing.

Don't wait for signs that your pipes are freezing. Be proactive and prevent frozen pipes from the get-go. Let's cover some easy ways to prevent pipes from freezing and bursting. 

Identify and insulate pipes in colder areas.

Identify which pipes are exposed or situated in unheated areas (think crawl spaces, garages, and attics) and consider insulating them with products such as "pipe sleeves" or "heat tape/cables." 

Note: Be sure to insulate both the hot and cold water pipes, as hot water pipes are likely to freeze, too.

Turn off external water sources.

Turn off the water supply to outdoor hose bibs, and cover the bibs with insulation. As for your pool, water sprinkler supply, and garden hoses, make sure those are drained empty and stored securely until the warmer seasons arrive.

Maintain interior temperature.

Keep your home adequately heated, even when you're away. The suggestion is to maintain an indoor temperature of at least 55 degrees Fahrenheit to prevent interior pipes from freezing.

Read more on how to prevent pipes from freezing.

How to unfreeze and thaw out your pipes.

You'll need a heat source to unfreeze and thaw your frozen pipes. Items such as an electric heating pad, hair dryer, towels soaked in hot water, a portable space heater, or thermostatically controlled heat tape will work.

Warning: Do NOT use anything that produces an open flame as a heat source to thaw out your pipes. 

Once you have your heat source, you need to do the following:

• Shut off the water supply.
• Turn on the faucet.
• Apply heat.
• Check the water pressure.
• Check other faucets and water outlets to see whether they're also frozen.
• Call a plumber if you need help.

Here’s a more detailed yet easy-to-follow instructions on how to unfreeze and thaw out frozen pipes.

Get ahead of the freeze with a plumber’s help.

Whether you're winterizing your home or actively trying to thaw frozen pipes, getting help from someone skilled and experienced is always a good idea. Download the Thumbtack app to see pros near you. Start requesting free estimates from top-rated plumbers in your area today.

FAQs.

Why do pipes burst when they are frozen?

Pipes burst when they freeze because the water inside is expanding. It changes from a liquid to a solid state. Upon freezing, the volume of the ice in the pipes increases by 9%, leading to a pressure buildup that ultimately causes the pipes to burst.

Which pipes are most likely to freeze during cold weather?

Here are some examples of water lines or pipes at risk of freezing due to poor insulation or exposure to cold weather:

• Water pipes in attics
• Water pipes in basements
• Water pipes in crawl spaces
• Water pipes in garages
• Water sprinkler lines
• Outdoor hose bibs
• Swimming pool supply lines